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While the growing field of nanotechnology holds promise, particularly for darker skinned patients, it comes with its fair share of controversy.

Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on a molecular scale by structuring ingredients into nanometer sized particles versus micrometer particles that are considerably larger.

The technology is currently being used in sunscreens, cosmetics, moisturizers, and anti-aging products because of properties that cannot­­ be obtained using larger sized particles. In skin of color, nanotechnology has provided considerable benefit in the elegance of products, particularly sunscreens.

Chemical blockers in sunscreens, such as avobenzone, are greasy and difficult to blend. In addition, titanium dioxide leaves a white residue when applied to darker skin. When the ingredients are converted to nanoparticles, however, they are less greasy and leave the skin residue free while retaining their broad spectrum properties.

Because sunscreen use is much less prevalent in skin of color, particularly in black and Hispanic populations, skin cancer rates and photo-aging are on the rise in these populations. Although more educational and preventative health measures need to be undertaken, improvements in sunscreens may help drive use.

The safety of nanotechnology, however, has received considerable debate. Because the skin is the first line of defense, many dermatologists have concerns about the potential risk of nanotechnology.  

Studies have shown that nanoparticles can enter skin with an altered integrity. Thus, products containing nanoparticles should never be used on damaged skin, burns, infants, and those with an inadequate skin barrier.

Considerable research on nanoparticles has shown that healthy, undamaged skin is an effective barrier for preventing the entry of nanoparticles into the deep layers of the dermis. And, the Food and Drug Administration’s Nanotechnology Task Force is currently investigating the safety of nanoparticles for skin care products because materials in the nano-scale dimension may have different chemical, physical, and biologic properties. The FDA has proposed guidelines for the use and development of nanotechnology to ensure patient safety and product efficacy.

Sunscreens are used to protect us from a known carcinogen: UV radiation. Nanoparticles have not been proven to be carcinogenic. In fact, sunscreens with nanoparticles have been shown to last longer, apply better to the skin, and provide better UVA and UVB protection than other products on the market.

We should encourage our skin of color patients that these products are safe and are more transparent than traditional products. This technology is providing more appealing products for us to offer our patients.